Wednesday, July 1, 2015

UTENGENEZAJI WA JAMU YA NANASI


 




Na. Emanuel Cosmas

UTANGULIZI

Jamu ya nanasi ni bidhaa inayotengenezwa kwa kutumia mchanganyiko wa mananasi yaliyosagwa (pulp) na kuchemshwa pamoja na sukari na acid. Ili kupata jamu yenye ubora mzuri ni sharti kuzingatia uwiano mzuri kati ya acid, sukari na pectin.

 

Mahitaji/Viambaupishi:


Nanasi
Sukari

 




 

 

    

 

citric acid (Kutegemeana na aina ya matunda)


   Vifaa:


·        Sufuria

·        Kijiko cha chai

 

·        Visu

·        Kipima joto (thermometer)

 

·        Chujio

·        Mwiko

 

·        Ndoo

·        Sinia

·        Refractometer

 

·        Mzani

·        Mashine ya kusaga matunda (blender)au ‘pulper’

 

·        Ubao wa kukatia matunda


Hatua za uzalishaji

  1. Osha matunda vizuri kwa maji safi na salama. Chagua matunda yalyoiva
  2. Menya matunda na ondoa macho na moyo wa katikati, katakata vipande na uvizage.
  3. Chemsha kupata pulp ya matunda
  4. Weka sukari
  5. Weka acid
  6. Changanya vizuri, pika polepole ukikoroga hadi joto la kutosha litakapofikia.
  7. Hakikisha jamu yako imeiva vizuri
  8. Jaza kwenye chupa safi ikiwa bado ya moto.
  9. Jamu tayari
 
END.

Treni imegongana na gari aina ya Costa iliyokuwa imezidisha abiria. Watu 4 wamefariki na 30 wamejeruhiwa

Kuna habari nimeipata hivi punde kwamba Watu wanne wamekufa na wengine 30 kujeruhiwa leo Kilosa baada ya basi dogo aina ya coaster kugonga  treni. Maiti na majeruhi wamepelekwa hospitali ya wilaya Kilosa.

Bado naendelea kuifuatilia kwa undani zaidi habari hii.

Mugabe: 'I will propose to Obama'


Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe has taken a bizarre swipe at US President Barack Obama following the Supreme Court's decision to legalise gay marriage across America last week, sarcastically promising to travel to Washington and ask for his hand in marriage.
Following the 5-4 Supreme Court decision, which was widely lauded across the Western world, the 91-year-old leader, known for his fiercely anti-homosexuality stance, said he would "get down on my knee and ask [Obama's] hand", before he went on to condemn marriage equality.
Mugabe made the comments during his weekly radio interview with the country's national radio station, ZBC, on Saturday.
 
"I've just concluded since President Obama endorses the same-sex marriage, advocates homosexual people and enjoys an attractive countenance thus if it becomes necessary , I shall travel to Washington DC, get down on my knee, and ask his hand," he said.
"I can't understand how this people dare to defy Christ's explicit orders as our Lord prohibited mankind from sodomy," he added.
He also claimed that Washington was being controlled by "perverted Satan-worshippers who insult the great American nation", according to Nigerian new website Naij.com.
At a 2013 campaign rally, Mugabe had condemned Obama for forcing homosexuality on the continent. "We have this American president, Obama, born of an African father, who is saying we will not give you aid if you don't embrace homosexuality. We ask, was he born out of homosexuality?"
Homosexuality is illegal in Zimbabwe and, in previous speeches, Mugabe has told gay people to go to "hell" and stated that those of homosexual orientation are lower than "pigs, goats and birds".
"Let Europe keep their homosexual nonsense there and live with it. We will never have it here. The act [of homosexuality] is not humane," he said in a July 2013 speech to his Zanu PF party supporters. "Any diplomat who talks about homosexuality will be kicked out. There is no excuse and we won't listen to them."
Elsewhere on the African continent, Zimbabwe's neighbour, Mozambique, yesterday scrapped a colonial law dating back to 1886 which criminalised homosexuality, bringing in a new penal law which also decriminalised abortion.
The original law had targeted anyone "who habitually engages in vices against nature" and was punishable by up to three years of hard labour. Gay rights activists called the decision as a "symbolic victory" for gay rights in Africa.
The US decision to legalise gay marriage came just before LGBT Pride marches took place around the world, with American landmarks such as the White House being lit in rainbow colours to mark the historic ruling. However, in Turkey, those celebrating a gay pride march were stopped in their tracks by Turkish police who used water cannon, tear gas and rubber pellets to disperse crowds.
Souce: Newsweek

BIDHAA ZA TRICE INVESTMENTMENT CO. LTD ZAWA KIVUTIO KATIKA MAONYESHO YA SABASABA

 Na Mwandishi wetu;
 Bidhaa mchanganyiko za TRICE INVESTMENT LTD zimekua kivutio kikubwa katika maonyesho ya mwaka huu ya 39 ya sabasaba. Kampuni hii iliyoanzishwa mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2010,  iliweza kuingia kwa kasi na kuthibitisha ushindani wake katika soko. Kwa mwaka huu kampuni hii inaonyesha bidhaa zake katika Jengo la Shirika la Kuhudumia Viwanda Vidogo (SIDO).
 

Akiongea na ONE CLICK Habari, Mkurugenzi mkuu wa Kampuni Edatrice Sinkala, amesema kwamba watu wengi wamevutiwa katika banda lake kutokana na ubora wa bidhaa zake. Nikimnukuu mkurugenzi mkuu amesema "bidhaa zangu zinatengenezwa kwa kutumia malighafi halisi nawashauri watanzania kuendelee kutumia bidhaa zangu na kuachana na bidhaa za mitaani zilizojaa uchakachuaji"

Baadhi ya bidhaa anazozionyesha ni bidhaa za chakula kama vile Tomato Sauce, Chill Sauce, Tomato paste na Peanut Butter. Ameongeza na kusema kwamba bado anawakaribisha wateja na watazamaji kwa wingi ili waweze kujionea ubunifu na bidhaa zenye ubora za kizalendo.
Baadhi ya bidhaa za Trice Investment Ltd zinaonekana kwenye picha hapo chini. 
  

Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa Trice Investment  Co. Ltd akiwa kwenye Ubora wake.

 

 

NAFASI ZA KAZI -NSSF

The National Social Security Fund (NSSF) which is the leading provider of social security in Tanzania is hereby inviting applications from suitably qualified, dynamic and motivated Tanzanians to immediately fill the vacant positions currently existing in the Fund, . ,

DEPARTMENT OF SECURITY SERVICES

Principal Security Officer-Investigation
Report to: Chief Security Manager

Duties and Responsibilities .
Assist the Chief Security Manager in safeguarding Fund interests by protecting its assets and taking investigative measures in accordance with the laid down principles/regulations and prevailing , circumstances,
Assist in Planning, implementing and coordinating various security activities,
Assist in Establishing, reviewing, and enforcing relevant security policies and procedures pertaining to the Security Management.
Advise the Chief Security Manager on security issues,
Assist to set up effective mechanisms of investigating fraud, forgeries, cheating, embezzlement, and all other illegal and. unauthorized transactions,
Supervise investigation of fraud, forgeries, cheating, embezzlement, and all other illegal and unauthorized transactions.
Liaise with the state security machinery and all other security stake holders as directed by the Chief Security Manager.
Gather intelligence and report to immediate superior,
Supervise 'Senior Security Officers under him/her.
Perform any other duties assigned by the Chief Security Manager.

The following distinct areas of expertise and experience are required:
Possession of a relevant Masters Degree or equivalent qualification;
A minimum of three years experience;
Excellent communication and presentation skills;
Strong leadership and managerial skills;
Strong report writing skills;
Ability to exercise professional judgment, including assessing risk and balancing competing priorities,
High level of integrity,
Must be Computer literate.

  Principal Security Officer - Cyber Security
Report to: Chief Security Manager

Duties and Responsibilities
Assist the Chief Security Manager in safeguarding Fund interests by protecting its assets and taking
investigative measures in accordance with the laid down principles/regulations and prevailing
circumstances.
Assist in Planning, implementing and coordinating various security activities,
Assist to set up effective mechanisms to combat cyber crime
Assist in Establishing, reviewing, and enforcing relevant security policies and procedures pertaining to Cyber Security, '
Advise the Chief Security Manager on Cyber security issues,
Conduct periodic ICT Security check and Forensic Audit.
Supervise control, prevention and investigation of cyber dime,
Liaise with the state security machinery and all other security stake holders as directed by the Chief Security Manager
Gather intelligence and report to immediate superior.
Supervise Security Officers under him/her.
Perform any other duties assigned to by the Chief Security Manager.
The following distinct areas of expertise and experience are required:
Possession of a Masters Degree in Computer Science or its equivalent;
A minimum of three years experience in Cyber Security Management;
Excellent communication and presentation skills;
Strong leadership and managerial skills;
Strong report writing skills;
Ability to exercise professional judgment; including assessing risk and balancing competing priorities,
High level of integrity.
Senior Security Officer - General Investigation
Report to: Principal Security Officer - Investigation

Duties and Responsibilities
Assist the Principal Security Officer - Investigation in safeguarding Fund interests by protecting its assets and taking investigative measures in accordance with the laid down principles/regulations and prevailing
Assist in Planning, implementing and coordinating various security activities.
Assist the Principal Security Officer in Establishing, reviewing, and enforcement of relevant security policies and procedures pertaining to Security Management.
Apply effective mechanism for conducting investigation of all illegal and unauthorized transactions.
Advise the Principal Security Officer on security issues pertaining to investigation.
Gather intelligence and report to immediate superior. .
Supervise Security Officers under him/her.
Perform any other duties assigned by the Principal Security Officer.

The following distinct areas of expertise and experience are required:
Possession of a First Degree in any relevant field;
Masters Degree will be an added advantage;
A minimum of five years experience in investigation;
Excellent communication and presentation skills;
Strong leadership and managerial skills;
Strong report writing skills;'
Ability to exercise professional judgment, including assessing risk and balancing competing priorities.
High level of integrity
Must be computer Literate

Senior Security Officer - Fraud
Report to: Principal Security Officer -Investigation

Duties and Responsibilities
Assist the Principal Security Officer in safeguarding Fund interests by protecting its assets and taking investigative measures in accordance with the laid down principles/regulations and prevailing circumstances .
Assist in Planning, implementing and coordinating various security activities.
Assist in establishing, reviewing, and enforcing relevant security policies and procedures pertaining to Fraud and Corruption.
Assist to set up effective mechanisms for control of Fraud and all illegal and unauthorized transactions and advise the Principal Security Officer on Fraud issues .
Gather intelligence and report to immediate superior.
Supervise Security Officers under 'him/her.
Perform any other duties assigned by the Principal Security Officer Investigation.

The following distinct areas of expertise and experience are required:
Possession of a First Degree in any relevant field;
Possession of Master's Degree is an added advantage:
A minimum of five years experience in Fraud investigation;
Certified Fraud Examiner qualification is an added advantage;
Excellent communication and presentation skills;
Strong leadership and managerial skills;
Strong report writing skills;
Ability to exercise professional judgment, including assessing risk and balancing competing priorities,
High level of integrity
Must be computer Literate

Senior Security Officer - Premises
Report to: Principal Security Officer - Prevention

Duties and Responsibilities
Assist the Principal Security Officer in safeguarding Fund interests by protecting its assets and taking measures in-accordance with the laid down principles/regulations and prevailing circumstances,
Assist in Planning, implementing and coordinating various security activities,
Advise and assist the Principal Security Officer in planning and implementing security issues;
Assist to set up effective mechanisms for mitigation of risks of natural and manmade hazards;
Assist in establishing, reviewing, and enforcing relevant security policies and procedures pertaining to
Emergency handling;
Inspect and ensure safety of premises at all Fund buildings
Inspect compliance of Security Service Providers;
Gather intelligence and report to immediate superior;
Supervise Security Officers under him/her;
Perform any other duties assigned by, the Principal Security Officer Prevention;
The following distinct areas of expertise and experience are required:
Possession of a First Degree in any relevant field;
Possession of Master's Degree is an added advantage;
A minimum of three years of relevant work experience;
Excellent communication and presentation skills;
Strong report writing skills;
Ability to exercise professional judgment, including assessing risk and balancing priorities,
High level of integrity
Must be computer Literate

Senior Security Officer - Cyber Security
Report to: Principal Security Officer - Cyber Security

Duties and Responsibilities
Assist the Principal Security Officer in safeguarding Fund interests by protecting its assets and taking investigative measures in accordance with the laid down principles/regulations and prevailing , circumstance,
Assist in Planning, implementing and coordinating various, security activities,
Assist in Establishing, reviewing, and enforcing relevant security policies and procedures pertaining to
Cyber Security and advise the Principal Security Officer on security issues,
Assist in setting effective mechanism for Conducting investigation of cyber crime and all other illegal and unauthorized transactions; ,
Conduct periodic ICT Security check and Forensic Audit.
Act on control, prevention and investigation of cyber crime,
Gather intelligence and report to immediate superior,
Supervise Security Officers under him/her.
Perform any other duties assigned to him/her by-the Principal Security Officer- Cyber Security

The following distinct areas of expertise and experience are required:

Possession of a First Degree in Computer Science or its equivalent;
Possession of Master's Degree is an added advantage;
A minimum of three years of relevant work experience;
Excellent communication and presentation skills;
Strong report writing skills;
Ability to exercise professional judgment, including assessing risk and balancing competing priorities.
High level of integrity

Security Officers - Fraud
Report To: Senior Security Officer - Fraud'.

Duties and Responsibilities
Assist the Senior Security Officer':' Fraud in safeguarding Fund interest's by protecting its assets and taking investigative measures pertaining to Fraud issues in accordance with the laid down principles/regulations and prevailing circumstance.
Assist in Planning, implementing and coordinating various security activities.
Assist in establishing, reviewing, and enforcing relevant security policies and procedures pertaining to the Fraud and Corruption Prevention Strategy.
Control and conduct investigation of Fraud and advise the Senior Security Officer on security issues ..
Assist to set up effective mechanism for investigating fraud, forgeries, cheating, embezzlement, and all other illegal and unauthorized transactions.
Liaise with the state security machinery and all other security stake holders as Directed by the Senior Security Officer- Fraud.
Gather intelligence and report to immediate superior.
Supervise Assistant Security Officers and Security Assistants under him/her.
Perform any other duties assigned by Senior Security Officer- Fraud.

The following distinct areas of expertise and experience are required:
Possession of a First Degree in any relevant field;
Possession of Master's Degree is an added advantage;
A minimum of five years experience in Fraud investigation in the Tanzania police Force;
Excellent communication and presentation skills;
Strong report writing skills;
Ability to exercise professional judgment, including-assessing risk and balancing priorities.
High level of integrity
Must be computer Literate
APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS:

Applications in writing enclosing detailed curriculum vitae, certified copies of relevant certificates, contact address including telephone numbers, email address and names and addresses of three referees to be addressed to the undersigned .

Director, Human Resources and Administration
National Social Security Fund,
P.O. Box 1322, Dar es Salaam

SABABU NANE KWANINI WATU WANAKUNYWA SODA NA SABABU KUMI NA TANO: NI KWANINI UNATAKIWA KUACHA KUNYWA SODA

  • Na Mtaalamu wetu

Utangulizi

Wengi wetu huwa tunakunywa Soda. na wengine wanakunywa sana kuliko wengine. Hilo lipo wazi.
 Nakumbuka wakati nimepata kazi kwenye kiwanda cha SODA, mwanzoni nilikua nakunywa zaidi ya soda sita kwa siku, ingawa baadae kiwango kilipungu na kufikia walao soda tatu au nne kwa siku.
Kuna ambao hawafahamu kwamba soda ni huweza kumletea madhara mnywaji ingawa wengine wanakuwa wanafahamu lakini huwa wanapuuzia.

Nchi ya marekani ni kati ya nchi zinazo ongoza kwa matumizi makubwa ya kinywaji cha Soda. Nafikiri kunahaja ya kufahamu kwa undani kuhusu vinywaji hivi tunavyovipenda sana.

Kwanini watu wanakunywa soda?

1. Soda zina ladha nzuri
Ladha ya soda inaweza ikawa ni kivutio kikubwa kwa sisi kuzipend. Soda ni tamu na zina ladha nzuri. Hii ndiyo sababu wakati mwingine watu hutumia soda kwenye kila mlo.



2. Soda inapatikana kila mahali


Soda zinapatikana kila mahali, hata mahali ambapo hakuna mahitaji mengine ya muhimu kama vile vyakula vya msingi. Hata kama utahitaji kula vyakula vingine ni vigumu sana kuvikuta vyakula hivyo vimewekwa kwenye sehemu ilivo wazi, kwenye sehemu wanapouza vyakula au hata kwenye supermarkets.



                                               3. Urahisi wa kuchukua na kutumia.
Soda ni kati ya bidhaa rahisi sana kununua na kutumia. Urahisi huu unafanya soda kuwa option ya kwanza kwenye matumizi badala ya vinywaji vingine baridi kama juisi.





 4. Promotion na matangazo
Soda zinatumiwa sana na watu wa rika mbalimbali kwa sababu makampuni yanayotengeneza soda yanazitangaza sana bidhaa hizi. Pengine matangazo yanayosisitiza watu wanywe soda ni mengi zaidi ya matangazo yanayowasisitiza watu wale mlo kamili "balance diet". Mabilioni ya pesa huwa yanatumika kutangaza soda katika migahawa, maduka, supermarkets, vituo vya mafuta kwenye television na hata kwenye mashule.
5. Kujengeka kwa tabia
Kuna baadhi ya watu kunywa chupa kadhaa za soda kwa siku ni kitendo kinachosababishwa na kjengeka kwa hiyo tabia.
6. Ni bei rahisi
Kuna baadhi ya maeneo soda huuzwa kwa bei rahisi zaidi kuliko juisi za matunda au maziwa.
Katika baadhi ya maeneo soda hugawiwa bure baada ya kununua chakula.
7. Kukata kiu ya maji
Wakati mwingine watu hunywa soda kwa ajili ya kukata kiu. Ingawa hiki siyo kitu kizuri kwani, ukiwa na kiu kiwango cha mate hupungua kinywani, na mate ndiyo yanayohitajika katika  "ku-neutralize" kiwango acids. Sasa kama hauna mate mdomoni maana yake acid hiyo huingia moja kwa moja tumboni, na inaweza kukuletea madhara
8. Kupata Caffeine Addiction (arosto"
Vinywaji vingi baridi huwa vina chemikali inayoitwa caffeine. Caffein huweza kumfanya mtu akawa " addicted". Na hii ndiyo sababu kuu haswa inayowafanya watu wasiache tabia hii ya unywaji wa soda.

Kwanini unatakiwa kuacha kunywa soda?

Kuna sababu kubwa kumi na sita za kwanini unatakiwa kuacha kunywa soda. Je, unajua ni jinsi gani unywaji wa soda unahatarisha afya yako? Embu tuziangalie sabau zenyewe.
1. Soda hazina faida yeyote kiafya
Unatakia kufahamu kwamba soda hazina virutubisho vyovyote muhimu kwa ajili ya miili yetu. Soda zinatengenezwa kwa kutumia maji na sukari za viwanda.


       

2. Kuongezeka kwa uzito na unene
Watu wengi huwa aidha wanaisahau au hawajioni jinsi ambavyo wanapata uzito wa ziada kutokana na kunywa soda kwa wingi. Unywaji wa soda moja mil 330 kila siku unaweza kusababisha ongezeko la kilo 5 kwa mwezi. Umenipata hapo?. Wanasayansi "wame-prove" kwamba kuna uhusiano mkubwa kati ya unywaji wa soda na ongezeko kubwa la uzito. 
3. Kisukari
Ongezeko kubwa la uzito huweza kuongeza hatari ya kupata kisukari. Unywaji wa soda hausababishi kuongezeka kwa mafuta mwilini pekee bali hupunguza uwezo wa miili kuchakata sukari. Sukari nyingi huweza kusababisha kisukari  cha aina ya pili "TYPE 2 DIABETES"



4. ulainika kwa mifupa "Osteoporosis "
Unywaji wa soda wa mara kwa mara huongeza hatari ya kulainika kwa mifupa au kitaalamu inaitwa "Osteoporosis" . Hii husababishwa na kwamba soda husababisha upungufu wa madini ya calcium. Madini ya calcium husaidia katika kuimarisha mifupa na meno. Upatikanaji wa soda kwa wingi husababisha matumizi ya vinywaji ambavyo husaidia kuimarisha mifupa kama vile maziwa.


5. Kuoza kwa meno
Soda husababisha kulika kwa sehem ya nje ya meno au kitaalamu inaitwa " enamel erosion".
Wanasayansi wanasema unywaji wa soda vile vile husababisha juoza kwa meno
.

MUENDELEZO...
6 .Kuharibika kwa figo
Unywaji wa soda kwa wingi huweza kusababisha ugonjwa unaoitwa Figo jiwe au kwa lugha ya kigeni ni "Kidney Stone" . Vimywaji vyenye Cola ndivyo vinavyoongoza katika kusababisha matatizo ya figo zaidi ya vinywaji visivyokua na Cola.
7. Kuongezeka Pressure ya damu.
Wataalamu wanasema kwamba matumizi makubwa ya sukari, hasahasa sukari zipatikanazo kwenye Soda husababisha kwa kiasi kikubwa kuongezeka kwa pressure ya damu.
8. Kiungulia
Unywaji wa Soda huweza kusababisha kiungulia.
9. Matatizo katika maini
Kuna ushahidi unaonyesha kwamba matumizi ya vinywaji baridi kama Soda, huongeza hatari ya kupata matatizo katika maini.
10. Matatizo katika mmeng'enyo wa chakula.
Soda zinakiwango kikubwa sana cha acid. pH ya soda huweza kufika ata 2.1. Kiwango hichi cha pH kinaweza kuadhiri mmeng'enyo wa chakula na kufanya mmeng'enyo wa chakula usifanyike au ufanyike kwa kiasi kidogo.
"Kutokana na hili haishauriwi kunywa soda wakati wa kula chakula"
11. Kupungukiwa na maji mwilini
Soda huweza sababisha upungufu wa maji mwilini. Hii hutokea sana hasa kwenye soda zenye  "caffeine" pamoja na sukari . Chemikali hizi huchangia kuongezeka kwa kiwango cha mkojo kwa kuvuta maji kutoka kwenye mkojo kuingia kwenye mfumo wa mkojo.
" Hii ndiyo maana ukiwa na kiu  ya maji na unapokunywa soda zenye caffeine kiu ya maji huongezeka nbadala ya kupungua"
12. Soda zina kiwango kikubwa cha caffeine
Soda nyingi zina kiwango kikubwa cha caffeine. Caffein zinamadhara makubwa katika mwili kwa kusababisha kuongezeka kwa pressure ya damu, matatizo katika mmeng'enyo wa chakula, kuongezeka kwa mkoo n.k. Kwahiyo unapoacha kunywa soda utakua unajiepushia matatizo hayo na mengine mengi
13. Sukari za viwandani
Soda nyingi hutengenezwa kwa sukari za viwandani ambazo siyo sukari halisi, kwa kitaalamu zinaitwa " artificial sweetners". Sukari hizi zina zinakua na utamu mara 200 zaidi ya utamu wa asali za kawaida. Sukari hizi hutumika ili kupunguza gharama za uzalishaji.
"Nafikiri unakumbuka ishu za K.K Sukari, huo ni mfano mmojawapo wa matumizi ya artificial sweetners"
Moja ya aina ya sukari inayotumika kwa wingi ni Aspartame. Aspatame ni kati ya chemikali hatari ambayo matumizi yake yanaweza kusababisha cancer.
14. Kuharibika kwa seli hai
Wachunguzi kutoka chuo kikuu cha Uingereza wamefanya study inayoonyesha kwamba "Preservative" inayotumika sana kwenye Soda inayoitwa Sodium Benzoate inayopatikana kwenye Fanta na Pepsi inauwezo mkubwa sana wa kusababisha matatizo makubwa katika "DNA". Vile vile chemikali hii husababisha uharibifu wa seli hai na kuzifanya kuzeeka kwa haraka
15. Soda husababisha mtu kuacha matumizi ya vinywaji vyenye faida kubwa mwilini.
Kutokana na urahisi wake uipata na urahisi wa matumizi mara nyingi watu wengi hukimbilia katika matumizi ya soda na kuacha matumizi ya vyakula au vinywaji vyenye faida kubwa mwilini kama vile maziwa, juisi, chai na hata maji. Vinywaji hivi vinaumuhimu mkubwa sana kwenye afya ya binadamu .

Hitimisho

Soda ni kinywaji ambacho hakina faida yeyote katika mwili wa binadamu. Kutokana na hilo nivyema kwa watu kuwa makini hasa kwenye matumizi yake kwa kuhakikisha kwamba hawaachi matumizi ya vinywaji au vyakula vyenye faida kwa kuwa soda zinapatikana. Na kwa wale wapenzi sana wa soda ni vyema kupunguza matumizi yake kwa kuwa soda zina madhara katika afya yako.
MWISHO